The earliest datable references tae this tamil dynasty are in inscriptions frae the 3rd century bce left bi ashoka, o the maurya empire. The cholas ruled the deccan and emerged victorious among many other kingdoms such as pallavas, pandyas, chalukyas, rashtrakutas. Raja raja chola was one of the greatest sovereigns of south india, a valiant conqueror and empire. By the end of the 9th century, the cholas firmly established their empire and exercised control over the south of india. The valanadu was in turn divided into nadus, which can. Illanjetcenni was the only king after karikala who is known. Miles 11 14 14 archetype of the chola dynastys model the chola empire existed in the 950 century and extended its power over the whole south india and had a strong agrarian model. In later period maratta and nayaks rulers constructed various shrines and gopurams of the temple. A great area innovation within the arts of the chola period was in the field of metalwork, particularly in bronze sculpture. You will be redirected to the full text document in the repository in a few seconds, if not click here. What are some of the popular books about the mighty chola. The decline of the pallavas in the 9th century created a political vacuum which was filled by the cholas. Arroyos empire the chola dynasty emilio arroyo world.
Inscriptions open a window to a slice of chola history. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longest ruling dynasties in. The chola kings were assisted by a council of efficient ministers and administrators. The chola ruled for a long period from about the later half of the 9th century to the beginning of the th century, but after the advent of pandayas, the chola empire collapsed.
The conquests of this of rajendra chola, and the son of rajendras ruler in. Sutherland among three prominent tamil dynasties that ruled in southern india, the chola dynasty, which ruled for four hundred years, is considered to be the most powerful and one of the longest ruling dynasties. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty that flourished from the 9 th century through the th century. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in the history of southern india. Slowly new kingdoms formed, with islamic rulers and rajput kings in the north, and the chola and pandya kings in the south. It is believed that many southern royal families claimed their origin from the cholas. As ane o the three crouned keengs o tamilakam, the dynasty continued tae govren ower varyin territory till the t century ce. This was during the reign of rajaraja and his son rajendra l.
By second century of the christian era, a chola king named karikalan rose to fame as a powerful ruler. Chera kingdom, chieftaincies, and chola mandalams c. In short, cholas were first defeated by pandyas in 1217, they were somehow restored back to power. Likewise, chola dynasty didnt meet its end by a battle or on a day but by a chain of unfortunate events. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in. The chola empire was established in south india in the 9th century and flourished for almost 400 years. Three states, namely, cholas, cheras, and pandya emerged in south india. Once again, the cholas rose to the imperial position during the period ad 850 to 1200. As one of the three crowned kings of tamilakam, along with the chera and pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the kaveri river, and spread along the coromandel coast and to sri lanka. Cholas, pandyas, and imperial temple culture easaa. The cholas have occupied the region of kaveri delta and the adjoining area. They successfully united south india under their rule and through their naval strength extended their influence in southeast asia and sri lanka.
A siva and vishnu temple built in uthama cholas period can still be seen there, albeit modernised. The earliest datable references to this tamil dynasty are in insc. The chola empire terms in this set 99 as per the traditions, the chola country or cholamandalam was the area bound on the north by the pennar, south by the vellaru river, at eastern coast of bay of bengal from nellore and pudukottai to west until coorg. Media in category maps of the chola empire the following 27 files are in this category, out of 27 total. Completed between early 11th and the 12th century ce, the monuments include the brihadisvara temple at thanjavur, the temple of gangaikonda cholapuram and the airavatesvara temple at darasuram. The empire is known as one of the three crowned kings referring to. The imperial cholas of the vijayalaya dynasty, who ruled parts of south india and lanka between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries ce, were dependent on their army and the navy to expand and maintain order in their vast empire. When the guptan empire collapsed in the 500s ad, india was still a rich country thanks to silk road trade. An aerial view of madurai city from meenakshi amman temple. They also maintained a very powerful navy and army. Chola officials participated more as advisors and observers. He was a great patron of tamil literature as during his reign the texts of the famous tamil.
The chola kings gave enough care for the judicial administration. The cholas were an ancient political power, mentioned in the asokan epigraphs and the sangam literature. The founder of the chola empire was vijayalaya, who was first feudatory of the pallavas of kanchi. They had trade contacts with the arabs in the west and with the chinese in the east.
Kenneth hall, peasant state and society in chola times. This work of historical fiction about the chola dynasty is. Aditya helped his overlord the pallava king aparajita against the pandyas but soon defeated him and annexed the whole of the pallava kingdom. Significance and beauty of the chola temples the chola kings strongly emphasized the importance of temples, which were places of gatherings for political, economic, cultural activities and all important official ceremonies were. Chola government, chola empire government, chola empire. The metropolitan museums shiva nataraja was made some time in the eleventh century during the chola dynasty 9thth centuries c.
Chola history explained medieval cholas cholas dynasty. The chola kings started a culture and controlled regions and introduced brahmanical rituals in the. Karikalachola was the earliest wellknown ruler of the earliest chola line. Sembian madevi built a lake in gandaraditam called sembian madevi pereri. Local selfgovt was a remarkable feature of chola administration. Chola dynasty ias abhiyan ii ias upsc exam preparation.
He captured tanjore from the pandyas and made it the capital. These mandalams were further sub divided into valanadus and nadus. We had our golden age when the medieval and later chola like rajaraja, rajendra and kulothunga cholans were ruling. Chola dynasty chola dynasty of india, kingdom of cholas. It is believed the chola dynasty started some time in 300 b. They did not have any relations with the nomads steppes. These later cholas are termed as imperial cholas because they excercised ocntrol over sri lanka and malay peninsula. Also one of the greatest king to ever rule at least half of india is raja raja cholan. After sangam, the chola became feaudatories of uraiyur.
Ancient indian history chola dynasty tutorialspoint. They may be understood as the modern day zila parishads. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the th century. The cholas the founder of the chola empire was vijayalaya, who was first feudatory of the pallavas of kanchi. Generally the chola army was led by the king or yuvaraja. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in history. The chola dynasty a dravidian tamil dynasty that ruled primarily on the southern indian subcontinent from the 4th century bce to the th century ce. Trade with china reached unprecedented volume during these centuries. The earliest references to this tamil dynasty are available in inscriptions from the third century b. The chola navy comprised the naval forces of the chola empire along. The magnificent chola temples testify to the excellent achievements of the chola architects, engineers and craftsmen. The dynasty came from the fertile valley of the kaveri river. The temple at tanjavur and gangaikonda cholapuram will speak for itself.
The expanse of the chola empire stretched southeast towards sri lanka and gave the kingdom access to vast copper reserves that enabled the proliferation of bronze work by skilled artisans. The chola dynasty was an empire in the south india of tamil rulers. This dynasty was one of the best in the during the sangam period. They can be classified into following main categories. The connection of the cholas with the uraiyur family was through legendary king karikan. Sangam literature believes that the dynasties of chola, chera, and pandya belong to immemorial antiquity. A commonly held view is that chola is, like chera and pandya, the name of the ruling family or clan of immemorial antiquity. The cholas were reduced to a small ruling family from about the 4 th to the 9 th century a.
Its territorial extent, military strength, institutional structures, and monumental art attest to the power and authority of the dynasty. Uraiyur now tiruchchirappalli was its oldest capital. Chola dynasty list of chola rulers and their contributions. One of the longest lasting empires of south india, the chola dynasty heralded a golden age of exploration, trade, and artistic development. However, after karikala, the chola empire declined and the cheras and pandyas extended their territories. Find information about chola dynasty, its origin, reign and fall of the cholas. The whole empire was divided into mandalams or small provinces. The pandyas went into decline with the rise of the cholas of tanjore in the 9th. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one.
It is believed that the center of the chola empire was located in the valley of the sacred kaveri river of. Yet today, 1,000 years later, the chola empire is remembered only by a handful of specialist historians. Pdf excellence of cholas navy find, read and cite all the research. Incorrect book the list contains an incorrect book please specify the title of the book. Describe the administration of chola empire social. The great living chola temples is a unesco world heritage site designation for a group of chola dynasty era hindu temples in the indian state of tamil nadu. The legendary king karikan was the common ancestor through whom. The chola kings ruled their kingdom with the help of a council of ministers and of officers who were in charge of various branches of administration.
Karikala chola was the most famous among the early chola kings, while rajaraja chola, rajendra chola and kulothunga chola i were famous emperors of the medieval. Inappropriate the list including its title or description facilitates illegal activity, or contains hate speech or ad hominem attacks on a fellow goodreads member or author. The annotator parimelazhagar writes the charity of. The dynasty originated in the rich kaveri cauvery river valley. The region of kanchi was also part of the cholas kingdom. Get chola dynasty map with major cities and current country boundaries. D the son of sundara chola parantakaaii and vanavanmahadevi built this magnificent temple named brihadisvaram at tanjore the capital of chola dynasty. The bhakti period, starting in the 14 th century, saw the rise of temples built for principal gods and a decline in jainism and buddhism. The armies of the tributary chieftains also joined chola army at needy times. Foreign trade provided an additional incentive to an already developing local market. Spam or selfpromotional the list is spam or selfpromotional. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in the worlds history.
The chola army and navy together had 1,50,000 trained soldiers. Chola architecture 900 1150 adthe capital of the chola dynasty was the city of thanjavur from 836 1267 ad the great temple of thanjavur was founded by rajaraja i. The chola empire administration, society, commerce, art. This is a general historical survey of an important dynasty in peninsular india.
A commonly held view is that chola is, like chera and pandya, the name of the ruling family or clan of. View from the tiruvidaimarudur urban complex, ieshr, vol. Not only does the hindu temple bring communities together with religion, but it also has social, economic and political affects. He established a temple of goddess nishumbhasudini durga there. Trade was carried on with west asia and china and southeast asia. From the epigraphical evidence it is known about rajarajai started. Medieval cholas rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century ce and established one of the greatest empires of india. The chola dynasty wis ane o the langestrulin dynasties in the history o soothren indie. The earliest datable references to the chola are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the maurya empire ashoka major rock edict no. However the most commonly held view is that this is, like cheras and pandyas, the name of the ruling family or clan of immemorial antiquity. If it had been european, or had given its name to some stillsurviving nation, things might. History, rules and life the cholas were an ancient race.